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Tagged: fasting, money, Ramadan, Zakaatul-fitr
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Thu 30 Ramadan 1444AH 20-4-2023AD at 11:03 pm #89842
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ZAKAAT AL FITRI
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What are its rulings?
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Zakaat al-fitri or sadaqat al-fitri is charity given to the needy (Muslims) towards the end of the month of Ramadan.
It is different from zakaah on one’s wealth.
What are its rulings:
1️⃣ Zakat al-fitr is obligatory upon every Muslim who is self-supporting, if he has one saa’ or more than he needs of food for himself and his family on the day and night of Eid.
‘Umar (رضي الله عنه) said: The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) enjoined zakaat al-fitr; a saa’ of dates, or a saa’ of barley, upon all the Muslims, slave and free, male and female, young and old, and he commanded that it be paid before the people went out to pray.”
(Al Bukhaari; Agreed upon)
2️⃣ What must be given is a saa’ of any kind of staple food,
In al-Saheehayn it is narrated that Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (رضي الله عنه) said: At the time of the Prophet (ﷺ) we used to give one saa’ of food, or one saa’ of dates, or one saa’ of barley, or one saa’ of raisins.
If a Muslim gives rice or some other staple food of his country, that is sufficient even if it is not one of the types mentioned in the hadeeth, according to the more correct of the two scholarly opinions.
A saa’ here is the saa’ of the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ), which is four times the amount that may be held in the two hands of a man of average build.
In modern weights, this is equivalent to approximately 3 kilograms.
This is the estimation of Shaykh Ibn Baaz (رحمه الله).
This was also the estimate of the scholars of the Standing Committee (9/371).
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (رحمه الله) estimated it in grams as being 2100 grams (2.1Kg), as it says in Fataawa al-Zakaah, p. 274-276.
This discrepancy occurred because a saa’ is a measure of volume, not weight.
The scholars worked it out by weight so that it would be easier to work out. It is well known that the weight of grains varies; some are light and some are heavy, and some are in between.
In fact the weight of a saa’ of the same kind of grain may vary, and new may weigh more than old.
Hence if people err on the side of caution and give more, that will be better.
3️⃣ It must be given before the people go out to the (Eid) prayer, and it is not permissible to delay it until after the Eid prayer.
There is nothing wrong with giving it one or two days before the Eid.
Hence it is known that the earliest time when it may be given, according to the more correct of the two scholarly views, is the night of the 28th of Ramadaan, because the month may be twenty-nine or thirty days.
(The 28th night refers to the night before the 28th day, as the night precedes the day. In common parlance this refers to the 27th night, i.e, the night after the 27th day)
4️⃣ It must be given on behalf of all Muslims, young and old, male and female, free and slave; who are dependent on you.
With regard to a foetus (the child in the womb), it is not obligatory to give it on his behalf according to scholarly consensus, but it is mustahabb, because ‘Uthmaan (رضي الله عنه) did that.
5️⃣ Those to whom it must be given are the poor and needy.
Ibn ‘Abbaas (رضي الله عنه) said: The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) enjoined zakaat al-fitr as a purification for the fasting person from idle and obscene speech, and to feed the poor. Whoever gives it before the prayer, it is zakaat al-fitr, and whoever gives it after the prayer, it is ordinary charity.
(Narrated by Abu Dawood and classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.)
6️⃣ It is not permissible to pay the value in money, according to the majority of scholars; this view has the stronger evidence.
Rather it must be given in the form of food, as the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions (رضي الله عنهما) did.
And Allaah knows best.
May Allaah (ﷻ) have mercy on us and guide us through the straight path.
آمين يا رب العالمين
Edited by ISLAM GENERATION from islamqa.com
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